Four companies –Abbott, Reckitt Benckiser, Nestle, and Perrigo–account for nearly all infant formula sales in the U.S. Earlier this year, Abbott closed a factory and recalled several brands of formula causing the recent panic. The crisis is impacting low-income and working-class families the most, particularly those who rely on federal nutrition programs like the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

“Today, too many middle-class families, farmers, and food workers struggle to make ends meet. Establishing a moratorium on agribusiness mergers will protect our farms and farmers while ensuring consumers continue to enjoy variety on supermarket shelves,” Representative Pocan said.

Addressing corporate power in agriculture has been a major focus for many Democrats since 2021. A White House analysis on concentration in the beef, pork, and chicken industry states that four firms control approximately 55-85 percent of the market for these food products.

“That reflects dramatic consolidation of the industry over the last five decades, as the large conglomerates have absorbed more and more smaller processors. In 1977, the largest four beef-packing firms controlled just 25 percent of the market, compared to 82 percent today,” according to the analysis. “In poultry, the top four processing firms controlled 35 percent of the market in 1986, compared to 54 percent today. And in pork, the top four hog-processing firms controlled 33 percent of the market in 1976, compared to 66 percent today.”

Some farmers and ranchers believe the corporate agricultural system is also a primary driver of environmental impacts, and that creating more open and competitive markets could help to deliver better practices.

“A more competitive and regional market for beef cattle would not only pay fair prices but more directly reward ranchers for using their herds to enhance their land rather than degrade it,” said Ariel Greenwood, who manages thousands of cattle seasonally in New Mexico and Montana, “Multiply this positive impact across the millions of acres of grazed land in the U.S. and the implications for restoring declining plant and wildlife communities is tremendous.”

Greenwood said that while corporate-controlled beef markets do damage rural economies, the ecological impacts of corporate consolidation are sometimes not understood. “Simply put, ranchers who are strapped for cash have a much harder time making management decisions that support the long-term health of their land when the economic dragon is breathing down their neck,” she said. “This shows up in the quality of their forage—pastures tend to be either underutilized or overgrazed and grow less diverse,” with impacts being most significant in riparian areas along creeks, streams, and rivers.

Advocates for reforming corporate power in agriculture through legislation also emphasized the need for urgent action.

“Talk is cheap,” Gunthorp said. “I just think everyone now realizes that there are many essential industries in our lives. From lumber to protective/medical equipment to food and to baby formula, we’ve got real-world examples of corporate control taking their toll. We need to act now while there’s an understanding—an expectation, really—that our government should get to work for us people instead of looking out for the corporate CEOS and big money.”

The Senate companion legislation is co-sponsored by Cory Booker (D-New Jersey), Jon Tester (D-Montana), Jeff Merkley (D-Oregon), and Elizabeth Warren (D-Massachusetts). Both the Senate and House versions have been referred to the Agriculture and Judiciary Committees for consideration.

This article first appeared on The Daily Yonder and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.